智能无损评价系统

　　Non-destructive evaluation serves detecting material inconsistencies, assessment of material properties and measurements of object dimensions without changing their utility properties. Methods and techniques of non-destructive evaluation are applied in industry due to necessity of providing high quality semi-products, finished products, devices and structures. They are commonly applied to examine condition of technical devices utilised by people in order to detect defects which might lead to destruction of a structure. They are particularly significant in rocket, aviation, chemical, petrochemical, armaments, nuclear and conventional energy industries, ship building, railway industries, road, bridge and tunnel constructions as well as in other areas, and especially there, where threats to human life and environment can be found. Currently, non-destructive evaluation develop in three directions: improvement of known and applied research methods, implementation of new methods and application of artificial intelligence to support a process of examination itself and assessment of quality of an tested element. The first and second direction of development shall not be discussed in detail in this study, except for a small remark.

The main subject of this study shall be intelligent testing systems, operating on the basis of artificial intelligence algorithms. General considerations, as well as results obtained by the authors in the domain of digital radiography shall be presented. The study shall present a scheme of information processing in human mind. Subsequently, software developed by the authors shall be described, supporting processing of radiograms. Moreover, three methods of artificial intelligence shall be presented, applied for analysis of welds obtained from shipbuilding industry. And finally, a concept of intelligent radiogram tester shall be presented. The studies were funded by Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education and the European Union[1].

The present age may be referred to as age of artificial intelligence. Comprehensive works are conducted, aiming at building devices replacing a human in their intelligent actions. In order to build such a device one must first recognise the essence of human intelligence. Number of studies were written on this subject and many devices were constructed, which were supposed to replace intelligent human actions[2-4]. Alan Turing may be included in the number of pioneers of artificial intelligence research. Drawing certain synthetic conclusions from studies of psychologists, it may be stated that intelligence consists of two layers: computational and non computational. Computational intelligence directs such processes as: making calculations, image recognition, chess playing etc. Those intelligent processes may be simulated by computer and entrust their execution with artificial intelligence systems. The other part of our intelligence cannot be mathematically simulated. It is responsible for such processes as awareness or feelings. Perhaps someday it will be possible to simulate it mathematically, or perhaps it shall never be possible and it shall forever remain a feature of only human mind, realised by natural brain[2-3].